درس لغة المانية

درس لغة المانية

ضمائر الشخصية - Prsonalpronomen

learning target

Aim of this section is to learn the personal pronouns and their use in the four cases.

personal pronoun (as subject)	verb	personal pronoun (as object)
I you he/she/it we you they	know know knows know know know	her. her. her. her. her. her.

rules

in general

The term personal comes from word person. We use the personal pronouns to talk about a person or thing.

The term pronoun consists of the words pro (für) and noun (nomen) which means the pronouns stand for a person / thing and with their help the name of the noun can be replaced.

example: Catherine Estose Pacana is my girlfriend. She lives in Cagayan (instead of repeating the name again: Catherine Estose Pacana lives in Cagayan).

personal pronouns in nominative

These pronouns are used to speak about a person / thing who does something or is something. The pronoun is the subject of the sentence.

ich	du / Sie	er	sie	es	wir	ihr	sie

• ich: you use when you speak about yourself
• du: you use when you speak to a single person (informal)
• er: you use when you speak about a male person or a thing with a male gender
• sie: you use when you speak about a female person or a thing with a female gender
• es: you use when you speak about a thing with a neutral gender
• wir: you use when you speak about several people yourself included
• ihr: you use when you speak to several people
• sie: you use when you speak about several people
• Sie: you use when you speak to a single person (formal)

There are two big differences between German and English:

- In German "er/sie" (he/she) is also used to descibe dead things. Most dead things in German have a male or female gender.
- In German are two forms of "you". "Du" is used for family members, friends, children and other people who are close to the speaker. "Sie" is formal way to say you and is used for business partner, colleagues and other adults who are not close to the speaker.

personal pronouns in dative and accusative

Here you can use the same explanation like in nominative. We speak again about a person / thing but in the dative and accusative the person / thing is not acting. It is the object of the sentence.
Surely you will ask where is the difference between dative and accusative because in English there is just one case and not two. This is an own big topic and will be covered in the section "Die 4 Fälle".

• mir / mich: you use when somebody does something with you
• dir / dich: you use when you do something with a single person (informal)
• ihm / ihn: you use when somebody does something with a male person
• ihr / sie: you use when somebody does something with a female person
• ihm / es: you use when somebody does something with a dead thing
• uns / uns: you use when somebody does something with several people yourself included
• euch / euch: you use when somebody does something with several people
• ihnen / sie : you use when somebody does something with several people
• Ihnen / Sie: you use when you do something with a single person (formal)

personal pronouns in genitive

The personal pronouns in genitive are not used to talk about the person but about what belongs to the person / about what possesses the person.

• mein(e/er): you use to talk about things which belong to you
• dein(e/er): you use to talk about things which belong to a single person (informal)
• sein(e/er): you use to talk about things which belong to a male person
• ihr(e/er): you use to talk about things which belong to a female person
• sein(e/er): you use to talk about things which belong to a dead thing
• unser(e): you use to talk about things which belong several people yourself included
• euer(e) : you use to talk about things which belong to several people
• ihr(e/er) : you use to talk about things which belong to several people
• Ihr(e/er): you use to talk about things which belong to a single person (formal)

I put the endings in brackets because in the genitive case it depends on the gender which ending you have to use. This problem will be covered in the section "Possessivpronomen".

all personal pronouns

Person Numerus Geschlecht 1.Person Singular - 2.Person Singular - 3.Person Singular männlich 3.Person Singular weiblich 3.Person Singular sächlich 1.Person Plural - 2.Person Plural - 3.Person Plural - 2.Person Sing./Plur. -

Nominativ Deutsch Englisch ich I du you er he sie she es it wir we ihr you sie they Sie you

Genitiv Deutsch Englisch mein(e/er) my dein(e/er) your sein(e/er) his ihr(e/er) her sein(e/er) its unser(e) our euer(e) your ihr(e/er) their Ihr(e/er) your

Dativ Deutsch Englisch mir me dir you ihm him ihr her ihm it uns us euch you ihnen them Ihnen you

Akkusativ Deutsch Englisch mich me dich you ihn him sie her es it uns us euch you sie them Sie you

• 1. Person: pronouns of the 1st person refer to the speaker
• 2. Person: pronouns of the 2nd person refer to the person you talk to
• 3. Person: pronouns of the 3rd person refer to the person / thing you talk about